JLPT-N3: Lesson 1

overview:

From this point on, there will be no new inflections to learn.

Instead, we'll be focusing on how to add expressions and context to our sentences.

There might be some topics that was covered in the earlier lessons.

Additional usage of Passive Form

breakdown

When you mentioned a fact without using a subject, the passive form 受身形 is often used.
It is not a hard rule but an option.

受身形 ・ うけみけい ・ Passive Form
examples
1. There is no explanation written in this book.
1. この本には、説明は書かれていません
説明 ・ せつめい ・ Explanation
2. The wedding ceremony will take place in this hotel.
2. 結婚式は、このホテルで行われます
3. This is believed to be the biggest diamond in the world.
3. これは、世界で一番大きいダイヤモンドだと言われています
4. Such an idea used to be considered correct.
4. 昔は、その考えが正しいと思われていた

ないと & なくちゃ

breakdown

ないと & なくちゃ is the short form for なければなりません.

examples
1. I must study because the exam is next week.
1. 来週試験があるから、勉強しないと
2. I must sleep early because I have a job interview tomorrow.
2. 明日就職の面接があるから、寝ないと
就職の面接 ・ しゅうしょくのめんせつ ・ Job interview
3. I must meet Mika now.
3. 今、ミカさんを会わなくちゃ

ちゃった & じゃった

breakdown

ちゃった and じゃった is the short form for しまった most commonly used in casual conversation.

It is most commonly used with V + て or で form to express regret.

When used with , ちゃった is used. When used with , じゃった is used.

In this usage, the て or で is omitted.

Basic structure
食べてしまった -> 食べちゃった
飲んでしまった -> 飲んじゃった
further breakdown
しまう -> ちゃう じゃう
飲んでしまう -> 飲んじゃう

とく & どく

breakdown

とく and どく is the short form for Vて + おきます.

We've learned in Advanced Lesson 1 about the usage of Vて + おきます.

To use the short form とく/どく, the て/で will have to be omitted as well.

Basic structure
買っておく -> 買っとく
読んでおく -> 読んどく
further examine とく/どく

とく and どく can be used as a standard verb. That means it has all the inflections a verb would have.

Vておく -> とく
Vでおく -> どく
Vておかない -> とかない
examples
1. I will make a note of what I did wrong in the test.
1. テストで間違ったところを、ノートに書いとく/とこう
2. We must buy more rice.
2. 米を買っとかないと