Intermediate: Lesson 7

overview:

In this lesson, we'll be learning how to express giving and receiving in detail.

It can also be expressed into doing someone a favour.
E.g. He did me a favour by...
E.g. I did him a favour by...

To express giving something

breakdown

あげます is used to express superior gives something to inferior.

やります is used to express inferior gives something to superior.

In Japanese grammar, people are given a rough status. This status can be thought of as superior and inferior. An inferior could be somebody close to you (family members, close friends, kids or even pets).

A superior could be someone like your teacher, boss or customer. It could even represent someone who you're not close with (new friend, an acquaintance).

structure
私(inferior)先生(superior) + + 花を あげました
examples
1. I gave my younger brother a shoe.
1. 私は弟に靴をあげました。
2. I gave my cat chicken meat.
2. 私は猫に鶏肉をやりました。
Things to note:
  • In this sentence structure, the recipient cannot be yourself. There is another structure for that.
  • やります is seldom used out of respect.

Receiving something (as recipient)

breakdown

くださいます is used to express superior gives something to inferior.

くれます is used to express inferior gives something to superior.

These two structures can only be used when someone gives something to you. You must be the recipient.

structure
先生(superior)私(inferior) + + 辞書を くださいました
辞書 ・ じしょ ・ Dictionary
弟(inferior)私(superior) + + 靴を くれました
examples
1. My friend gave me a book.
1. 私の友達は私に本をくれました
2. My teacher gave me a pen.
2. 先生は私にペンをくださいました
Things to note:
  • In this sentence structure, you must be the recipient.
  • Because you're close with your family members, くれます can be used for family members.

Receiving something

breakdown

もらいます is used to express superior receives something from inferior.

いただきます is used to express inferior receives something from superior.

structure
私(inferior)先生(superior) + + 花を いただきました
私(superior)妹(inferior) + + 花を もらいました
examples
1. I received a bonus from my manager.
1. 私はマネージャーにボーナスをいただきました
2. I received a card from my friend.
2. 私は友達にカードをもらいました

Doing or giving a favour

breakdown

You can use + あげますやりますくださいますくれますいただきます or もらいます to express giving or receiving a favour to/from someone.

structure
Verb + て + あげますやりますくださいますくれますいただきます or もらいます
例:手伝ってもらいます
examples
1. Mr Tanaka forgot his wallet, so I bought him lunch.
1. 田中さんは財布を忘れましたので、[私は彼に]ランチを買ってあげました
I gave him a favour by buying lunch.
2. The teacher lent the kid a ruler.
2. [先生は子供に]ルーラーを貸してやりました
The teacher gave the kid a favour by lending the kid a ruler.
3. I couldn't understand Japanese, so Mr Kimura helped read it for me.
3. 私は日本語がわかれませんから、[木村さんは私に]読んでくださいました
Mr Kimura gave me a favour by helping me read something.
4. I forgot my notes so my friend showed me his.
4. ノートを忘れましたから、[私の友達は私に]ノートを見せてくれました
My friend gave me a favour by showing me the notes.
Texts inside the bracket [] can be omitted.

Other usage

examples

Thank you for coming to my house today.

1. 今日は私の家へ来てくださって、ありがとうございます。Polite
2. 今日は私の家へ来てくれて、ありがとう。Not polite
3. 今日は私の家へ来ていただいて、ありがとうございます。Polite
4. 今日は私の家へ来てもらって、ありがとう。Not polite

Thank you for making delicious dishes for me.

1. 美味しい料理を作ってくださって、ありがとうございます。Polite
2. 美味しい料理を作ってくれて、ありがとう。Not polite
3. 美味しい料理を作っていただいて、ありがとうございます。Polite
4. 美味しい料理を作ってもらって、ありがとう。Not polite

Thank you for seeing me off.

1. 見送ってくださって、ありがとうございます。Polite
2. 見送ってくれて、ありがとう。Not polite
3. 見送っていただいて、ありがとうございます。Polite
4. 見送ってもらって、ありがとう。Not polite

見送る ・ みおくる ・ See someone off