JLPT-N3: Lesson 5

overview:

In this lesson of the N3 class, we'll be looking at the usage of ようと思う, ようとする and ようとしない. We use these expressions to express: I think I will (do something); try to do something; to try not to do something respectively.

ようと思う・ようと思っています

breakdown

We can use ようと思う or ようと思っています to express:
I think I will; I'm thinking of doing...


This is used to express the speaker's thought that he/she is willing to do something.

ようと思う means that the speaker is thinking at the time of speech;
ようと思っています means that speaker had been thinking for some time.

structure
Verb (Volitional) + ようと思う ようと思っています
examples
1. I think I will wake up early tomorrow morning.
1. 明日朝明朝は早く起きようと思います
明朝 ・ みょうちょう ・ Tomorrow morning
2. I think I will study at the library from now on.
2. これから図書館で勉強しようと思います
3. Today is payday, I think I will buy the game I wanted.
3. 今日は給料日なので、欲しかったゲームを買おうと思います。
給料日 ・ きゅうりょうび ・ Payday
4. I have been thinking of going on a trip during the summer vacation.
4. 夏休みに旅行しようと思っています
夏休み ・ なつやすみ ・ Summer vacation
5. Kimura has been thinking about studying abroad.
5. 木村さんは留学しようと思っています
留学する ・ りゅうがく ・ To study abroad
6. I've been thinking about buying this book, what do you think?
6. この本を買おうと思っていますが、どうですか。
Things to note:
  • Unless the thought has been acknowledged by the concerning party, と思っています is usually used from the speaker's perspective to describe his own thoughts.

Volitional + とする

breakdown

We can use ようとする to express:
try to; be about to


You can use this structure to combine the state before an intended action and an interruptive action.

E.g. Intended action is to have dinner.. but something happened.

structure
Verb (Volitional) + とする
examples
1. The teacher called me just as I was about to go home.
1. 帰ろうとしたら、先生に呼べれた。
2. The customer came in just as I was about to eat.
2. 御飯を食べようとした時、お客さんが来た。
3. I got a call just as I was about to take a bath.
3. お風呂に入ろうとしていた時、電話がかかってきた。

Voltional + としない

breakdown

としない to express:
try not to; to try not to make an effort to


This is the opposite of Volitional + とする. Except that the meaning of just before is lost.

structure
Verb (Volitional) + としない
examples
1. Why are you not making an effort to fix the bad things?
1. どうして悪いところを直そうとしないんですか。
直す ・ なおす ・ To fix
ところ ・ Things
2. He didn't even turn around when I called him.
2. 彼は私が声をかけても、振り向こうともしなかった
声 ・ こえ ・ Voice
振り向く ・ ふりむく ・ To turn around; to look over one's shoulder
3. No matter what you say, he won't(even try to) admit his mistakes.
3. 彼は何と言われても、自分のミスを認めようとしない
認める ・ みとめる ・ To admit
Things to note:
  • ように in this usage is a shorter way to say ようにしてください.